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The complete index of everything published on ADxS.org. Click a chapter to jump straight to it.

The ADxS.org project

13 pages

The ADxS.org project

Acknowledgments

Participate - Support

Financial Report 2022 ADxS e.V

Financial Report 2023 ADxS e.V

ADxS.org: Press and videos

Abstract from ADxS.org

2 pages

Abstract from ADxS.org

The most common misconceptions about ADHD

Symptoms

35 pages

Chapter overview - Symptoms of ADHD

Complete list of ADHD symptoms by manifestation

1. Motor symptoms of ADHD

2. Drive problems with ADHD

3. Impulsivity / inhibition problems with ADHD

4. Attention and concentration problems with ADHD

5. Memory and learning problems with ADHD

6. Thinking blocks / decision-making problems with ADHD

7. Executive problems / planning and organizational difficulties with ADHD

8. Perceptual symptoms of ADHD

9. Motivational problems with ADHD

10. Emotional dysregulation / emotional symptoms in ADHD

11. Communication problems with ADHD

12. Social problems with ADHD

13. Sleep problems with ADHD - symptoms

14. Impaired performance with ADHD

15. Time and reaction time in ADHD

16. Sexual behavior with ADHD

17. Addiction problems with ADHD

18. Messi tendency / hoarding / not being able to throw anything away with ADHD

19. Creativity with ADHD

20. Regulatory problems with ADHD

21 Personality traits in ADHD

22. Chronic pain / muscle tension in ADHD

In-depth presentation of individual ADHD symptoms

Dysphoria with inactivity and depression in ADHD

Rejection sensitivity: offendedness, fear of rejection as a specific ADHD symptom

Sensitivity, stress and ADHD

Procrastination (procrastination) with ADHD

Motivation problems

Symptom development in children by age and frequency

The presentation forms (subtypes) of ADHD: ADHD-HI (predominantly hyperactive), ADHD-C (mixed type), ADHD-I (ADD)

SCT - Sluggish Cognitive Tempo / CDS - Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome

Testimonials from people with ADHD

Consequences of ADHD

1 page

Consequences of ADHD

Origin

40 pages

Chapter overview - Development of ADHD

Development of ADHD - Introduction

Genetic and epigenetic causes of ADHD - Introduction

Genetic and epigenetic causes of ADHD - Introduction

Building blocks of heredity and behavior: Genes, DNA, RNA, proteins and co

Genetic candidates for ADHD

Genetic candidates for ADHD - Introduction

1. Gene candidates in ADHD with a plausible pathway to ADHD

2. Gene candidates without a plausible pathway in relation to ADHD

3. Monogenetic causes of ADHD

4. Copy number variations as gene candidates in ADHD

6. MiRNA and RNA as genetic candidates in ADHD

7. Characteristics whose genes increase the risk of ADHD

Genes and stress as the cause of other mental disorders

Environmental factors as a cause of ADHD

Environmental factors as a cause of ADHD - Introduction

1. Prenatal stressors as ADHD risk factors

2. Birth circumstances as ADHD risk factors

3. Risks of ADHD in newborns and infants

4. Psychological ADHD risk factors

5. Parents and family as ADHD risk factors

3. Physical ADHD risk factors

7 External noxious substances as ADHD risk factors

Brain development disorder and ADHD

Gut-brain axis and ADHD

Blood-brain barrier and ADHD

Oxidative stress and ADHD

Immune system and behavior

Immune system and behavior - Introduction

Immune reactions and inflammation as the cause of ADHD?

The immune system

Neurophysiological mechanisms of action on behavior through immune reactions - Section

Neurophysiological mechanisms of action on behavior through immune reactions - Introduction

Effect of individual cytokines and inflammatory markers

Immune reactions and inflammation in other mental disorders

Neurophysiological mechanisms of action on behavior by pathogens

Is the incidence of ADHD increasing?

Historical descriptions and names of ADHD

ADHD - different explanatory models in the past and today

Stress

26 pages

Chapter overview - Stress and ADHD

What ADHD has to do with stress - Section

What ADHD has to do with stress

ADHD symptoms are stress symptoms

Stress benefits - the survival-promoting purpose of stress

Stress damage due to early / prolonged stress

1. Stress by age at exposure - early childhood stress

2. Stress by duration: long-lasting, chronic stress

3. Stress by type of stressor

4. Stress effect by gender

5. Diagnosis of stress system damage

6. Resilience, increased sensitivity, genetic disposition and maternal care

Chronic stress regulation problems with other disorders

The human stress system

The human stress system - the basics of stress

Neurotransmitters during stress

Neurophysiological correlates of stress

The HPA axis / stress regulation axis

The autonomic nervous system: sympathetic / parasympathetic nervous system

Heart rate variability (HRV) in ADHD

The BIS/BAS/Fight Flight Freeze system

The amygdala - the stress conductor

Locus coeruleus

Thalamus - the gateway to consciousness

Basal ganglia: striatum, substantia nigra, subthalamic nucleus

Stress theories and stress phenotypes: a possible explanation of ADHD subtypes

Neurological aspects

93 pages

Chapter overview - Neurological aspects

Neurological basics

Neurotransmitters in ADHD

Dopamine

1. What is regulated by dopamine

2. The 6 dopaminergic systems of the brain

3. Interactions of the dopaminergic brain areas

4. Dopamine formation and storage

5. Release of dopamine

6. Tonic / phasic / extracellular dopamine

7. Dopamine effect on receptors

8. Dopamine reuptake, dopamine degradation

9. What regulates dopamine

10. ADHD - Disorders of the dopamine system

11. Dopamine and stress

12. Autism as a dopaminergic Disorder

13. Depression as a dopaminergic Disorder

14 Parkinson's as a dopaminergic Disorder

15. Schizophrenia as a dopaminergic Disorder

16. Measurement of dopamine

Cannabinoid system

Cannabinoid receptors

Other receptors to which cannabinoids bind

Cannabinoid reuptake and degradation

What is regulated by cannabinoids

Cannabinoids regulate neurotransmitters and behavior

Cannabinoids regulate dopamine

Cannabinoids also regulate appetite and food intake via dopamine

What regulates cannabinoids

Cannabinoids for ADHD and stress

Dopaminergic disorders with endocannabinoid involvement

Hormones for ADHD

Steroid hormones

Cortisol

Cortisol and other stress hormones in ADHD

Cortisol and stress axis changes in other disorders

Allopregnanolone

Orexin / Hypocretin

Glucose transporters in ADHD

Neurophysiological correlates of ADHD symptoms

Aggression in ADHD - Neurophysiological correlates

Drive problems in ADHD - neurophysiological correlates

Arousal and activation in ADHD - neurophysiological correlates

Attention problems in ADHD - neurophysiological correlates

The dopaminergic and noradrenergic attention centers

Chronic pain and muscle tension in ADHD - neurophysiological correlates

Thinking blocks and decision-making problems in ADHD - neurophysiological correlates

Emotional dysregulation - neurophysiological correlates

Frustration intolerance in ADHD - neurophysiological correlates

Hyperactivity in ADHD - Neurophysiological correlates

Impulsivity in ADHD - neurophysiological correlates

Creativity in ADHD - neurophysiological correlates

Learning problems in ADHD - neurophysiological correlates

Motivation in ADHD - neurophysiological correlates

Neurophysiological correlates of motor problems

Organizational and executive function problems in ADHD - neurophysiological correlates

Rigidity and task switching problems - neurophysiological correlates

Sleep problems in ADHD - neurophysiological correlates

Social phobia - neurophysiological correlates

Eyes and vision with ADHD

Gender differences in ADHD

ADHD in animal models

ADHD in animal models

ADHD animal models with reduced extracellular dopamine

ADHD animal models with increased extracellular dopamine

ADHD animal models with unknown dopamine alteration

Animal models that inadequately represent ADHD

Brain networks and connectivity in ADHD

Brain hemispheres

People with ADHD affected brain regions

Diagnostics

32 pages

Chapter overview - Diagnosis of ADHD

Frequency of ADHD (prevalence)

Is ADHD under- or over-diagnosed?

Subclinical ADHD

ADHD - Diagnostic methods

ADHD - Diagnostic methods - Introduction

1. Questionnaires for ADHD diagnosis

2. Interviews / instruments for ADHD diagnostics

3. Tests for ADHD diagnostics

4. Biomarkers in ADHD - theoretical approaches for objective measurement methods?

5. Pharmacological endocrine function tests

6. Guidelines for diagnostics

Differential diagnostics for ADHD

Differential diagnosis of ADHD - Introduction

Primary organic disorders

Mental and psychiatric disorders

Mental Disorders Differential Diagnosis

Depression and dysphoria in ADHD

Emotionally unstable personality disorder / borderline personality disorder

Diagnostic challenges with ADHD

"Healthy" stress reaction to stressful situation / reduced intelligence

Age-appropriate high activity level

Side effects of medication

Giftedness and ADHD

ADHD diagnostics for girls and women

Comorbidity with ADHD

Comorbidity in ADHD - Introduction

Psychiatric comorbidities in ADHD

Somatic comorbidities in ADHD

ADHD, obesity and eating disorders

ADHD treatment reduces comorbidities

Diagnostic ADHD symptoms according to DSM, ICD, Wender-Utah, etc

Prevention

4 pages

Chapter overview - Prevention

ADHD - Prevention and screening - What parents can do

Secure attachment beats genetic disposition in ADHD

Early detection

Treatment

138 pages

Guide and Effect size

Can ADHD be cured?

ADHD treatment guide

Effect size of different forms of ADHD treatment

Treatment: Medication for ADHD - Overview

Choice of medication for ADHD

Choice of medication for ADHD or ADHD with comorbidity

Combination medication for ADHD

Approval status of ADHD drugs

Dosing

Dosing of medication for ADHD

Medication: development of tolerance

Strength and duration of action of ADHD medication

Metabolizing enzymes

CES1 Metabolizing enzyme

CYP2D6 Metabolizing enzyme

CYP3A4 Metabolizing enzyme

Suitable medication for ADHD

Stimulants

Stimulants (MPH, AMP) for ADHD

Amphetamine medication (AMP) for ADHD

Methylphenidate (MPH) for ADHD

MPH Part 1: Active ingredients, effect, responding

MPH Part 2: Dosage, side effects, contraindications

MPH Part 3: Retardation

MPH Part 4: Preparations, Miscellaneous

MPH Part 5: Metabolism

Serdexmethylphenidate for ADHD

Nicotine as a medication for ADHD

Taking stimulants abroad

Alpha-2 agonists for ADHD

Guanfacine for ADHD

Clonidine for ADHD

Atomoxetine for ADHD

Bupropion for ADHD

Deanol for ADHD

Medical cannabis for ADHD

Desipramine for ADHD

Nortriptyline for ADHD

Imipramine for ADHD

Buspirone for ADHD

Memantine for ADHD

Viloxazine for ADHD

Amantadine for ADHD

Protriptyline for ADHD

Experimental medication for ADHD

Dexmedetomidine for ADHD

Prospekta for ADHD

Tipepidine for ADHD

Beta blockers for ADHD

Testosterone for ADHD

Modafinil for ADHD

Armodafinil for ADHD

Moclobemide for ADHD

L-theanine for ADHD

Taurine for ADHD

L-carnosine for ADHD

Dexamethasone for ADHD

Dasotraline for ADHD

Ropinirole for ADHD

Fasoracetam for ADHD

Mazindol for ADHD

Droxidopa for ADHD

Selegiline for ADHD

Reboxetine for ADHD

Tyrosine for ADHD

Solriamfetol for ADHD

Lamotrigine for ADHD

Amlodipine for ADHD

Sleep disorder-related medication for ADHD

Melatonin for ADHD

5-HTP (pentahydroxytryptophan) for ADHD

Trazodone for ADHD

Agomelatine for ADHD

Trimipramine for ADHD

Amitriptyline for ADHD

Appetite-enhancing medication for ADHD

Cyproheptadine for ADHD

Medication for ADHD in development

Metadoxine for ADHD

Levophacetoperane for ADHD

Centanafadine for ADHD

D1/D5 receptor agonists for ADHD

D4 receptor antagonists for ADHD

Histamine H3 receptor antagonists / inverse agonists for ADHD and ASA

Norbinaltorphimine for ADHD

Edivoxetine for ADHD

PDC-1421 for ADHD

Less suitable medication for ADHD

L-Dopa for ADHD

Citalopram / Escitalopram for ADHD

Fluoxetine for ADHD

Venlafaxine for ADHD

Duloxetine for ADHD

Quetiapine for ADHD

Lithium for ADHD

Amisulpride for ADHD

Mirtazapine for ADHD

Quinpirole for ADHD

Aripiprazole for ADHD

Other medications for ADHD

Vitamins & Co

Vitamins, minerals, dietary supplements for ADHD

1. Vitamins for ADHD

2. Minerals for ADHD

3. Fatty acids, probiotics and more for ADHD

Plant extracts for ADHD

Substance abuse with self-medication effect in ADHD

Non-drug treatment

Non-drug treatment for ADHD

Suitable non-drug treatments for ADHD

Psychoeducation (+++)

Endurance sports, fitness training (+++)

Psychotherapy (++)

Choosing a suitable psychotherapist for ADHD

Mindfulness techniques (+++)

Environmental interventions (++)

Neurofeedback as ADHD therapy (+)

Transcranial stimulation (+)

Nutrition and diet for ADHD

Sleep problems with ADHD - treatment

Binaural music for ADHD and sleep problems

Everyday strategies for people with ADHD

Take enough breaks

Trigeminal stimulation

Therapy computer games

Computer-based training programs

Chess training / Go training / Board games

Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM)

Breathing techniques

White / pink / brown noise

Music therapy for ADHD

Reflex integration of early childhood (primitive) reflexes

Unsafe non-drug treatments for ADHD

Unsuitable non-drug treatments for ADHD

ADHD for teachers

Addresses

2 pages

Request addresses of doctors / therapists

Communicate addresses / give feedback

This and that about ADHD

7 pages

Chapter overview - This and that about ADHD

ADHD - books, specialist literature, films, links, addresses for people with ADHD

Prominent people with ADHD

Studies prove - often enough nothing at all

Evidence levels, recommendation levels

Tests and surveys

13 pages

Tests and surveys

Tests, self-tests and surveys

Account management

Large ADHD symptom test

(High) sensitivity self-test

SCT self-test for Sluggish Cognitive Tempo

ADHD medication effect self-test V5

Differential diagnostic test for depression

Differential diagnostic test for anxiety disorders

External assessment test

Differential diagnostic test autism spectrum (ASD)

Survey on the duration of effect of medication

ADxS.app operating instructions

Forum

1 page